Dynamic Analysis of Tolerant City Index: Applying Differential Equations to Address Intolerance in Indonesia

Abstract

The key factors that shape the Tolerant City Index in Indonesia are explored, and seeks to develop a mathematical model to predict its future trends. The research raises concerns about a possible decline in tolerance levels, primarily due to discriminatory regulations and the lack of proactive efforts by local governments to promote inclusivity. Using a combination of quantitative data analysis and mathematical modelling. The object of the IKT study is 94 cities from a total of 98 cities Indonesia. This method provides an objective evaluation of tolerance trends while identifying the primary factors influencing them. The findings indicate that the index is projected to increase from 4.92 (2024) to 5.12 (2025), suggesting progress in city governments’ efforts to reduce discriminatory policies and implement initiatives that promote tolerance. This upward trend reflects the potential impact of proactive governance, community engagement, and institutional support for diversity. Policymakers are encouraged to continue strengthening inclusive and responsive policies that address the needs of diverse communities, thereby fostering a more tolerant and cohesive society. A comparative analysis with Turkey further illustrates that while Indonesia’s growing tolerance is largely shaped by government initiatives, Turkey’s challenges remain deeply rooted in cultural, educational, and religious interpretations.