Islamic Guidelines for Promoting Religious Tolerance and Countering Intolerance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47655/dialog.v47i2.981Keywords:
religious harmony, Islamic moderation, , countering intoleranceAbstract
Abstract
This article focuses on two issues. The first issue is the stagnation of the national tolerance score, indicating that intolerant activities continue to affect the nation. Second, the concept of tolerance is ambiguous, making it difficult to implement religious moderation. The discordance of tolerance between theory and practice is shown by these two issues. The research method in this paper utilizes a literature-based study with a conceptual approach and descriptive analysis. The conceptual approach involves examining and defining key ideas and theoretical frameworks relevant to tolerance and religious moderation, clarifying abstract concepts and underlying principles. Descriptive analysis systematically describes and interprets existing data from previous studies and literature on the topic. This research provides a framework for fostering religious tolerance based on Islamic principles, offering practical solutions to address intolerance. The framework emphasizes replacing verbal and physical harassment with supportive and cooperative actions. It also outlines strategies for turning destructive behaviors, such as the demolition of places of worship, into constructive efforts like aiding in their restoration and rebuilding. This framework aims to foster religious moderation and harmony through actionable, normative measures.
Downloads
References
Bibliography
Abdillah, F. R., Lutfi, M., Amru, K., & Kamil, A. Z. (2023). Mustafa al-Siba‘i and Islamic Socialism: Rejecting Western Ideologies and Promoting Social Solidarity. Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam, 13(2), 307–336. https://doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2023.13.2.307-336
‘Abdullah (2006). Ḥiwār ‘An Bu‘d Ḥawl Ḥuqūq Al-Insān Fī Al-Islām (1st ed.). Maktabah Al-‘Abaykān.
‘Ābidīn, I. (2002). Ḥāshiyah Ibn ‘Ābidīn Radd Al-Muḥtār ‘Alā Ad-Durr Al-Mukhtār (Vols. 1–14). Dār Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Ach. Zayyadi, & Ismail, M. S. (2024). Toleransi dalam Perspektif Hadis. Nur El-Islam : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sosial Keagamaan, 9(2), 300–317. https://doi.org/10.51311/nuris.v9i2.511
Afriani, A., Najmia, A., & Mauila, N. (2023). Toleransi Beragama dalam Perspektif Al-Qur'an: (Kajian Tafsir Ayat-Ayat Sosial). Basha’ir: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir, 75–82. https://doi.org/10.47498/bashair.v2i2.892
Al-‘Asqalānī, Ḥajr. (n.d.). Fatḥ Al-Bārī Bi Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Al-Bukhārī. Dār Al-Ma‘rifah.
Al-‘Asqalānī, Ḥajr. (2001). Fatḥ Al-Bārī Bi Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Al-Bukhārī. Maktabah Al-Malik Fahd.
Al-Baghawī, M. (1997). Mu’ālim At-Tanzīl Fī Tafsīr Al-Qur‘ān ~ Tafsīr Al-Baghawī (4th ed., Vols. 1–8). Dār Ṭayyibah Li An-Nashr Wa At-Tawzī‘.
Al-Bayhaqī, A. B. (1988). Dalāil An-Nubuwwah (1st ed., Vols. 1–7). Dār Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Bukhārī. (2008). Ṣaḥīḥ Al-Bukhārī. Dār Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Ḥaq, M. S. (1996). ‘Awn Ma‘būd ‘Alā Sunan Abī Dāud. Al-Maktabah As-Salafiyyah.
Al-Ḥaramayn (2003). Al-Ghiyāthī Ghiyāth Al-Umam Fī At-Tiyāth Aẓ-Ẓulam. Dār Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Haytamī, I. Ḥajr. (n.d.). Al-Fatāwā Al-Fiqhiyyah Al-Kubrā. Dār Al-Fikr.
Al-‘Izzuddīn (2000). Qawā‘id Al-Aḥkām Fī Iṣlāḥ Al-Anām (1st ed., Vols. 1–2). Dār Al-Qolam. waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=2682
Al-Jad‘ānī, ‘Aṭiyyah Ḥumaydan. (2022). Al-Qā‘idah Al-Qaḍā’īyah “Al-Islām Ya‘lū Wa Lā Yu‘lā ‘Alayh.” Majallat Al-Buḥūth Wa al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmīyah.
Al-Jamīl, M. (2002). An-Nabī Wa Yahūd Al-Madīnah (1st ed.). Markaz Al-Malik Fayṣal.
Al-Kāfī, I. ‘Abd A.-F. (2006). Ḥuqūq Al-Insān Al-‘Āmmah Fī Al-Islām. Kotob Arabia. books.google.co.id/books?id=li8DnwEACAAJ
Al-Kirmānī, S. A.-D. (2008). Sharḥ Al-Kirmānī ‘Alā Al-Bukhārī. Dār Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Lajnah Ad-Dāimah Li Al-Buḥūth Al-‘Ilmiyyah Wa Al-Iftā.’ (n.d.). Fatāwā Al-Lajnah Ad-Dāimah Li Al-Buḥūth Al-‘Ilmiyyah Wa Al-Iftā’ (1st ed., Vols. 1–23). Dār Al-Muayyad Li An-Nashr Wa At-Tawzī‘. waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=1748
Al-Manāwī. (1972). Fayḑ Al-Qadīr Sharḥ Al-Jāmi‘ Aṣ-Ṣaghīr. Dār Al-Ma‘rifah.
Al-Marāghī, M. (1946). Tafsīr Al-Marāghī (1st ed., Vols. 1–30). Sharikah Maktabah Wa Maṭba‘ah Muṣṭafā Al-Bābī Al-Ḥalbī Wa Awlādih. shamela.ws/index.php/book/23608
Al-Māwardī, A. A.-Ḥasan ‘Alī. (1985). Adab Ad-Dunyā Wa Ad-Dīn. Dār Al-Iqrā’.
Al-Qarḑāwī, Y. (2001). Fiqh Al-Aqaliyyāt Al-Muslimah (1st ed.). Dār Ash-Shurūq.
Al-Qarḑāwī, Y. (2009). Mūjibāt Taghayyur Al-Fatwā Fī ‘Aṣrinā. Dār Ash-Shurūq.
Al-‘Ulwānī, Ṭaha Jābir. (2006). Lā Ikrāh Fī Ad-Dīn (2nd ed.). Maktabah Ash-Shurūq Ad-Dawliyyah.
Al-‘Uthaymīn, M. B. Ṣāliḥ. (2002). Ash-Sharḥ Al-Mumti‘ ‘Alā Zād Al-Mustaqni‘ (1st ed., Vols. 1–15). Dār Ibn Jawjī. waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=2831
Al-‘Uthmānī, M. T. (2003). Buḥūth Fī Qaḑāyā Fiqhiyyah Mu‘āṣirah (2nd ed., Vol. 1–1). Dār Al-Qolam. shamela.ws/index.php/book/1532
Al-Wāqidī, A. ‘Abdullah M. (1997). Fatḥ Ash-Shām (Vols. 1–2). Dār Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyyah. shamela.ws/book/12045
Amīdī, Ṣuhayb Muṣṭafā. (2017). At-Taḥālufāt As-Siyāsiyyah Fī Al-‘Uṣr Al-Ḥadīth Min Al-Manẓūr Al-Islāmiy. Al-Ma‘had Al-‘Ālī Li Al-Fikr Al-Islāmiy.
Anam, M., Fanani, M. R., & Afrizal El Adzim Syahputra. (2023). Prinsip Toleransi Beragama Perspektif QS. Al-An’ām [6]:108 dan Relevansinya dalam Konteks Keindonesiaan. QOF, 7(1), 67–80. https://doi.org/10.30762/qof.v7i1.794
An-Nawawī. (n.d.). Majmū‘ Sharḥ Al-Muhadhdhab (Vols. 1–23). Maktabah Al-Irshād. waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=459
Anwar, K. (2021). Berislam secara moderat: Ajaran dan praktik moderasi beragama dalam Islam. Lawwana.
Ar, N., Yusnaini, S., Widyanto, A., Walidin, W., & Sulaiman, S. (2021). Theinterfaith Harmony in Aceh Province (the Analysis of the Strategies, Roles of FKUB, and Barriers). Ulumuna, 25(2), 306–328. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v25i2.457
Arandito, S. (2023, September 11). Literasi Keagamaan Rendah, Intoleransi Menguat. kompas.id/baca/humaniora/2023/11/09/literasi-keagamaan-melemah-intoleransi-menguat
Arifin, A. (2021). Inklusif Memahami Hadis Toleransi. Jejak Publisher.
Ar-Rāzī. (1999). Mafātiḥ Al-Ghayb (3rd ed.). Dār Iḥyā’ At-Turāth Al-‘Arabī. shamela.ws/index.php/book/23635
Ash-Sharwānī, ‘Abd Al-Ḥamīd. (n.d.). Ḥāshiyah Ash-Sharwānī ‘Ala Tuḥfat Al-Muḥtāj. Maṭba‘ah Muṣṭafā Muḥammad. shamela.ws/book/9059
Ash-Shirbīnī, A. A.-K. (1994). Mughnī Al-Muḥtāj Ilā Ma‘rifah Ma‘ānī Al-Fāẓ Al-Minhāj (1st ed., Vols. 1–6). Dār Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Ash-Shubaylī, Y. (n.d.). Tafsīr Sūrah Al-Mumtaḥanah. Islām Al-Kutub. ebook.univeyes.com/89869
Asmani, J. M. (2021). KH. MA. Sahal Mahfudh Sang Penegak Khittah NU. DIVA Press.
As-Sahāranfūrī, K. A. (n.d.). Badhl Al-Majhūd Fī Ḥall Sunan Abī Dāud (Vols. 1–20). Dār Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyyah.
’Aṭiyya, I. (2001). Al-Muḥarrar Al-Wajīz Fī Tafsīr Al-Kitāb Al-’Azīz (1st ed.). Dār Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyyah. shamela.ws/index.php/book/23632
Aṭ-Ṭabarī, A. J. (n.d.). Tafsīr Aṭ-Ṭabarī Jāmi‘ Al-Bayān (Vols. 1–24). Dār al-Tarbīyah wa al-Turāth.
Aṭ-Ṭabarī, A. J. (1967). Tārīkh Aṭ-Ṭabarī ~ Tārīkh Ar-Rusūl Wa Al-Mulūk (2nd ed., Vols. 1–11). Dār At-Turath.
Aṭ-Ṭabarī, A. J. (2009). Tafsīr Aṭ-Ṭabarī Jāmi‘ Al-Bayān. Dār Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Azis, A., & Anam, A. K. (2021). Moderasi Beragama Berlandaskan Nilai-Nilai Islam (1st ed.). Kementerian Agama Indonesia.
Azra, A. (2016). Transformasi Politik Islam: Radikalisme, Khilafatisme, dan Demokrasi (1st ed.). Kencana.
Az-Za‘bī, A. ‘Alī F. (2009). At-Tarbiyyah Al-Waṭaniyyah Fī Al-Islām (1st ed.). Dār Al-Ma’mūn.
Az-Zarqānī, M. (1996). Sharḥ Az-Zarqānī ’Alā Al-Mawāhib Al-Laduniyyah Bi Al-Minaḥ Al-Muḥammadiyyah (1st ed., Vols. 1–12). Dār Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyyah. shamela.ws/index.php/book/26568
Az-Zuḥaylī, W. (1991). At-Tafsīr Al-Munīr Fī Al-‘Aqīdah Wa Ash-Sharī‘ah Wa Al-Manhaj (1st ed., Vols. 1–32). Dār Al-Fikr Al-Mu‘āṣir.
Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia. (2019). Tanya Jawab Moderasi Beragama (1st ed.). Kementerian Agama Indonesia.
Dār Al-Iftā’ Tuṣdir ’Adad Khāṣ Min Majallah “Insight” Bi Al-Injilīziyyah Radd ’Alā Tafjīr “Dā‘ish” Li Kanīsatay Ṭanṭā Wa Al-Iskandariyyah. (2017).
Ghazali, A. M. (2016). Toleransi Beragama dan Kerukunan dalam Perspektif Islam. Religious: Jurnal Agama dan Lintas Budaya, 1(1). journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/Religious/article/view/1360
Hakim, F. N. R. (2021). Re-Understanding Tolerance through Intrareligious Dialogue: The Discourse of Anti-Shi’ism in Indonesia. Ulumuna, 25(2), 350–372. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v25i2.449
Hamzah, A. R. (2018). Radikalisme dan Toleransi Berbasis Islam Nusantara. Sosiologi Reflektif, 13(1).
Helmy, M. I., Jumadil Kubro, A. D., & Ali, M. (2021). The Understanding of Islamic Moderation (Wasatiyyah Al-Islam) and the Hadiths on Inter-Religious Relations in the Javanese Pesantrens. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 11(2), 377–401. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v11i2.351-376
Ḥukm Tahni’ah Ahl Al-Kitāb Bi A‘yādihim Wa Munāsibatihim, No. 3470 (February 25, 2019). aliftaa.jo/Question2.aspx?QuestionId=3470
Ibn Kathīr. (1994). Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr. Dār Al-Fikr.
Ibn Kathīr. (2005). ‘Umdat At-Tafsīr (2nd ed., Vols. 1–3). Dār Al-Wafā’. waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=1223
Ibn Qayyim. (1996). Zād Al-Ma’ād Fī Hady Khayr Al-’Ibād (27th ed., Vols. 1–5). Muassasah Ar-Risālah. shamela.ws/index.php/book/21713
Ibn Qayyim. (1997). Aḥkām Ahl Adh-Dhimmah (Vols. 1–3). Ramādā Li An-Nashr. shamela.ws/index.php/book/21747
Ibn Taymiyyah. (1999). Al-Jawāb Aṣ-Ṣaḥīḥ Liman Badala Dīna Al-Masīḥ (2nd ed., Vols. 1–6). Dār Al-‘Āṣimah Li An-Nashr Wa At-Tawzī‘. shamela.ws/index.php/book/170
‘Īsā. (2009). Ikhtiyārāt Al-Imām Aṭ-Ṭurṭūshī Fī Qaḑāyā As-Siyāsah Ash-Shar‘iyyah. Dār Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Ishak, N., & Mikea Manitra, R. R. (2022). Constitutional Religious Tolerance in Realizing the Protection of Human Rights in Indonesia. Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v2i1.24
Jamarudin, A. (2016). Membangun Tasamuh Keberagaman dalam Perspektif Al-Qur'an. Toleransi: Media Komunikasi Umat Beragama, 8.
Jati, W. R., Halimatusa’diah, H., Syamsurijal, S., Aji, G. B., Nurkhoiron, M., & Tirtosudarmo, R. (2022). From Intellectual to Advocacy Movement: Islamic Moderation, the Conservatives and the Shift of Interfaith Dialogue Campaign in Indonesia. Ulumuna, 26(2), 472–499. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v26i2.572
Lidwna, A. (2021, September 4). Intoleransi, Pelanggaran Kebebasan Beragama Terbanyak Dilakukan Aktor Non-Negara. databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2021/04/09/intoleransi-pelanggaran-kebebasan-beragama-terbanyak-dilakukan-aktor-non-negara
Madrim, S. (2023, July 4). Setara Institute: Kondisi Toleransi di Indonesia Masih Stagnan. voaindonesia.com/a/setara-kondisi-toleransi-di-indonesia-masih-stagnan/7040384.html
Masduqi, I. (2011). Berislam Secara Toleran: Teologi Kkerukunan Umat Beragama. Mizan.
Ma’zaq Ad-Dawlah Bayn Al-Islāmiyyīn Wa Al-‘Ilmāniyyīn (1st ed.). (2016). Jusūr.
Misrawi, Z. (2010). Pandangan Muslim Moderat: Toleransi, Terorisme, dan Oase Perdamaian. Penerbit Buku Kompas.
Misrawi, Z. (2020). Al-Qur’an Kitab Toleransi : Tafsir Tematik Islam Rahmatan lil 'Alamin (1st ed.). Pustaka Oasis.
Muḥammad, Ḥammād Shaḥḥad. (1973). Al-Aḥkām Al-Fiqhiyyah Li Al-Jāliyyah Al-Muslimah Fī Bilād Al-Gharb. Dār Salīkī Akhwayn.
Muhammad, N. (2023). Aksi Terorisme di Indonesia Menurun dalam 3 Tahun Terakhir. databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2023/11/03/aksi-terorisme-di-indonesia-menurun-dalam-3-tahun-terakhir
Muhammad Nasir, R., & Arisandy, D. P. (2022). Sikap Toleransi Beragama Perspektif Surah Al-Kafirun Mahasiswa di Kota Langsa. Al Muhafidz: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir, 2(1), 206–216. https://doi.org/10.57163/almuhafidz.v2i1.31
Naṣr, Ḥusain, Dagli, C. K., Dakake, M. M., Lumbard, J. E. B., & Rustom, M. (Eds.). (2015). The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary. HarperOne.
Niẓām. (2002). Al-Fatāwā Al-Hindiyyah. Dār Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Qodir, Z., Nashir, H., & Hefner, R. W. (2023). Muhammadiyah Making Indonesia’s Islamic Moderation Based on Maqāṣid Sharī`ah. Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan, 23(1), 77–92. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v23i1.77-92
Sābiq, A.-S. (2016). Fiqh As-Sunnah. Fatḥ Al-I‘lām Al-’Arabī.
Sa‘īd, J. (1997). Lā Ikrāh Fī Ad-Dīn (1st ed.). Markaz Al-‘Ilm Wa As-Salām Li Ad-Dirasāt Wa An-Nashr.
Seftiani, S., Pamungkas, C., Nadhiroh, I. M., & Alamsyah, P. (2020). Wajah Pluralitas yang Tergerus: Intoleransi dan Radikalisme di Sembilan Daerah. Kanisius.
SETARA Institute. (2022). Mengatasi Intoleransi dalam Tata Kebinekaan Indonesia: Update dan Rekomendasi Terkait Peribadatan.
Shihab, M. Q. (2022). Toleransi: Ketuhanan, Kemanusiaan, dan Keberagaman (Cetakan pertama). Lentera Hati.
Sulaymān, A. D. (n.d.). Sunan Abī Dāud (Vols. 1–4). Al-Maktabah Al-’Aṣriyyah. shamela.ws/index.php/book/1726
Ṭāhir, M. (1986). At-Tahrīr wa At-Tanwīr (Vols. 1–30). Dār Tūnis.
Ṭāḥūn, A. R. (1998). Ḥurriyat Al-‘Aqīdah Fī Ash-Sharī‘ah Al-Islāmiyyah (1st ed.). Ītrāk Li An-Nashr Wa At-Tawzī‘. archive.org/details/2250Pdf
Takdir, M., & Sumbulah, U. (2024). Understanding and Practice of Religious Tolerance: A Study of the Living Qur’an in Madura, Indonesia. Ulumuna, 28(1), 257–280. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v28i1.759
Tim Bahtsul Masail Himasal Lirboyo. (2018). Fikih Kebangsaan Merajut Kebersamaan di Tengah Kebhinnekaan (1st ed.). Lirboyo Press.
‘Umar. (2006). Samāḥah Al-Islām (3rd ed., Vol. 1–1). Maktabah Al-Adīb. waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=1148
Vereinte Nationen. (2023). Protecting Minority Rights: A Practical Guide to Developing Comprehensive Anti-Discrimination Legislation. United Nations.
Zahrah, A. (1980). Zahrat At-Tafāsīr (Vols. 1–10). Dār Al-Fikr Al-‘Arabī. shamela.ws/index.php/book/37071
Zulkifli, Z., Kafid, N., Nanang, H., & Fahri, M. (2023). The Construction of Religious Moderation among Indonesian Muslim Academics. Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam, 13(2), 337–366. https://doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2023.13.2.337-366
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Dialog
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
