Diterbitkan oleh BADAN LITBANG DAN DIKLAT KEMENTERIAN AGAMA RI. ALAMAT REDAKSI DAN TATA USAHA: Sekretariat Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama RI Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 6, Jakarta Pusat - Telp./Fax. (021) 3920688 - 3920662 e-mail :sisinfobalitbangdiklat@kemenag.go.id
Sekretariat Badan Moderasi Beragama dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia (BMBPSDM) Kementerian Agama RI
Religious Moderation in Interfaith Dialogue: Current Challenges and Hopes for the Future
Religious moderation is a vital concept in maintaining harmony within plural societies. However, many studies on interfaith dialogue remain limited to theoretical perspectives, lacking empirical evidence on how religious moderation is practiced at the grassroots level. This gap has created a need for research that not only examines the theological foundation of moderation but also explores its real-life application among diverse faith communities. This study aims to analyze the role of religious moderation in interfaith dialogue by integrating theological reflection with field-based insights. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected in July 2025 through a literature review and a field study involving semi-structured interviews with four informants, including Christian pastors, Muslim scholars, researchers, and FKUB representatives in Central Java. The findings highlight that religious moderation—manifested through tolerance, balance, and justice—can serve as a sustainable framework for present and future interfaith dialogue. This study concludes that embracing religious moderation is essential for nurturing social harmony, preventing conflict, and promoting a more inclusive religious narrative in an increasingly globalized world.
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Coexisting in Faith: The Role of Local Traditions in Muslim-Christian Relations in South Tapanuli
Religious diversity in Indonesia is often associated with tension and conflict; however, South Tapanuli presents a contrasting example of sustainable interreligious coexistence. This study examines how the Batak-Angkola kinship system, Dalihan Na Tolu, functions as a cultural mechanism that sustains harmony between Muslims and Christians. This study employed an ethnographic approach, data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews with 25 informants—including religious leaders, customary elders, community figures, local residents, youth, and students—as well as document analysis and archival research. The findings showed that Dalihan Na Tolu operates through the flexible roles of Mora, Kahanggi, and Anak Boru, which transcend religious boundaries and facilitate inclusive participation in communal events such as weddings (horja siriaon), funerals (horja siluluton), and socio-economic activities. Interreligious harmony is manifested in everyday practices where both Muslim and Christian adherents provide mutual support, including the exchange of food (marjambar), reciprocal support in rituals, and the avoidance of exclusive religious rhetoric—reinforce social solidarity. This study contributes to the broader discourse on social capital by demonstrating that Dalihan Na Tolu generates hybrid forms of bonding and bridging capital, producing what may be termed “embedded pluralism.” Practically, the findings suggest that kinship systems can serve as effective models for peacebuilding in plural societies beyond South Tapanuli.
Commodified Compassion: Platform Capitalism and Moral Giving in Indonesian Digital Philanthropy
This article examines how platform capitalism mediates the emotional and moral experiences of donors within Indonesia’s digital philanthropy ecosystem. Drawing on digital ethnography and semi-structured interviews with active donors across platforms such as Kitabisa, Instagram, and TikTok, the research identifies three interrelated dynamics: immediate empathic resonance triggered by visual content, a sense of moral urgency shaped by platform logics, and emotional fatigue that often results in selective disengagement. Findings show that while emotionally charged narratives effectively mobilize donations, they also risk commodifying compassion and exhausting donors psychologically, raising concerns about the sustainability of affective giving. The study foregrounds how digital empathy is not merely a spontaneous emotion, but a socially structured and platform-mediated practice shaped by religious norms, user interface design, and algorithmic incentives. By framing empathy as a collective ethical engagement, this study contributes to critical debates on emotional labor, platform governance, and the moral economy of digital giving. It also calls for platform architectures that support donor well-being, ensure ethical representation, and foster more equitable forms of digital solidarity within Indonesia’s evolving philanthropic landscape.
The Javanese Philosophy of Memayu Hayuning Bawana and Religious Moderation in Central Java
Religious moderation is a critical component for ensuring social stability and fostering harmony among religious communities in Indonesia. The nation’s religious diversity must be approached with maturity and wisdom to realize the ideal of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity). This study aims to explore the philosophical values embedded in Memayu Hayuning Bawana as a conceptual framework for understanding religious moderation within the Central Javanese society. Employing a qualitative design with a library research approach from a sociological perspective, this study systematically examines theoretical sources and literature related to the philosophy of Memayu Hayuning Bawana, religious moderation, and Javanese cultural traditions. The findings reveal that this philosophy serves as an ethical guideline and offers insights for fostering interreligious harmony through reflective social engagement. Through this worldview, community members are encouraged to cultivate tolerance, prioritize collaborative efforts for mutual well-being, and exercise self-control—principles that resonate with the core ideals of religious moderation. The paper concludes with recommendations for scholars, educators, and stakeholders to consider the values of Memayu Hayuning Bawana when discussing religious moderation in Central Java.
Rearticulating Islamic Signifiers: Counter-Narratives from Pesantren for Peace
Pesantren have increasingly become central to debates on religious moderation and the prevention of violent extremism. This study examines how Pesantren for Peace, a program initiated by the Center for the Study of Religion and Culture (CSRC), constructs counter-narratives that challenge extremist interpretations of Islamic signifiers. Using the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) within Critical Discourse Studies, six Friday sermons are analyzed to explore how key terms are rearticulated to promote inclusivity and theological moderation. The analysis identifies seven key Islamic terms frequently co-opted in extremist rhetoric—jihad, ummah, kafir, munafiqin, syahid , sharia, and caliphate . Extremist actors employ these signifiers to build hegemonic discourses that marginalize alternative meanings and legitimize violence. In contrast, Pesantren for Peace strategically redefines them through discursive strategies of nomination, predication, argumentation, perspectivization, and intensification/mitigation. These reinterpretations foreground pluralism, civic responsibility, and peaceful worship, often drawing on Qur’anic topoi, prophetic traditions, and national values such as Pancasila. The findings highlight three insights: (1) extremist signifiers remain contested and open to counter-hegemonic rearticulation, (2) discourse is a key site of power where pesantren must assert theological authority, and (3) the emergence of a “New Pesantren” identity positions Islamic boarding schools as agents of peacebuilding and ideological resilience. By situating pesantren within Indonesia’s broader counter-extremism landscape, this study demonstrates their potential to generate counter-hegemonic discourse and advance sustainable religious moderation.
Multicultural Islamic Education and the Resilience of the Shia Community in Jepara
This study examines the role of multicultural Islamic education in promoting the resilience of the Shia community in Jepara, a minority group residing within a predominantly Sunni cultural and religious context. The central research problem addresses how educational and socio-cultural strategies have enabled this community to maintain its identity and coexist harmoniously. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis at the Darut Taqrib Islamic Boarding School. The findings reveal four key strategies in instilling multicultural values: (1) integrating multicultural content into the hidden curriculum, (2) promoting moderate religious attitudes among teachers and students, (3) reducing prejudice by accommodating differences, and (4) implementing equity pedagogy through dialogue and cultural engagement. The Shia community demonstrates remarkable resilience by utilizing cultural adaptation, kinship and marital networks, and active involvement in socio-religious activities. Academically, the study contributes to the development of inclusive models of Islamic education for religious minorities. Socially, it highlights the importance of shared religious values in mitigating sectarian tensions and promoting communal harmony. At the policy level, these insights offer valuable guidance for governments and civil society in promoting a more inclusive and dialogic approach to multicultural Islamic education.
Multicultural Journalism and Local Wisdom: How Media in NTT Promote Tolerance and Cultural Integration
This study aimed to explain how journalists adopt multicultural journalism to promote harmony and tolerance in East Nusa Tenggara Province. Multicultural journalism opposes discrimination based on ethnicity, race, gender, and religion, as well as radicalism, intolerance, and exclusivism. Tolerance among NTT communities is contributed to by local wisdom, such as Nusi (cooperation), Butukila (bonding and nurturing a sense of brotherhood), Suki Toka Apa (providing support and assistance), and Muki Nena (cultivating a sense of ownership and belonging). This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach with a phenomenological methodology to explore journalists' experiences and perceptions of local wisdom influence within the NTT community on the practice of peace journalism. To explain this, this research draws on Berger and Luckmann's theory of the social construction of reality and Weber's theory of social practice. The research results demonstrated that journalists in NTT understand that a life of tolerance and harmony has long been constructed as a social reality. Journalists are agents of socialization for local wisdom values. In the context of the social construction in the reality theory, media not only represent reality but also shape it. Journalists could construct the reality of a harmonious life.
Collective Transcendence of Aging People through Majelis Taklim: Challenging the Individual Assumptions of Gerotranscendence Theory
This research examines the concept of elderly transcendence by questioning the individualistic assumptions in the Gerotranscendence theory developed by Lars Tornstam (1943-2016), a Swedish sociologist. Gerotranscendence is the shift experienced by elders from self-centered interests to broader, more transcendent perspectives. This theory states that such transcendence occurs through personal reflection and withdrawal from social life. However, in the context of Indonesia's collective culture, this research identified a problem: does transcendence depend only on individual reflection, or can it also be achieved through meaningful social interaction? To answer this question, the study used a phenomenological qualitative method involving 12 elderly people who are active in majelis taklim in urban Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and participatory observation, then analyzed using a thematic approach. The results show that the elderly's participation in religious activities not only deepens their spiritual dimension, but also enriches life reflection and strengthens social relationships. The study resulted in the concept of “Collective Transcendence”, which asserts that achieving transcendence is not only through personal reflection but also supported by social and community interactions. As such, the findings encourage the development of Gerotranscendence theory to better suit collective culture and support religious community-based elderly welfare programs.
Menyatukan Kekuatan Islam di Jawa: Dinamika Relasi Kuasa antara Cirebon dengan Demak pada Masa Awal Islam di Indonesia Abad ke-15-16 M
Abstrak Artikel ini membahas hubungan strategis dan penyatuan kekuatan antara Kesultanan Cirebon dan Demak pada abad ke-15-16 M dalam berbagai aspek, termasuk relasi kuasa melalui pernikahan, keilmuan, dakwah Islam, militer, dan suksesi. Permasalahannya adalah bagaimana terbentuk hubungan antara Kesultanan Demak dan Cirebon hingga menjadi kekuatan yang bersatu, dan bagaimana keduanya dapat mengembangkan hubungan tesebut sehingga memengaruhi arah perkembangan Islam selanjutnya di Jawa. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah dengan langkah-langkah heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa hubungan keduanya tidak hanya berlandaskan aspek politik, tetapi juga nilai-nilai keagamaan dan militer yang memengaruhi perkembangan Islam di Nusantara. Hubungan Cirebon dan Demak ditandai dengan upaya integrasi melalui perkawinan, pengaruh ulama dalam sistem pemerintahan, serta kerja sama dalam menghadapi ancaman eksternal seperti Majapahit, Pajajaran, dan Portugis. Konflik internal dalam Kesultanan Demak juga turut mempengaruhi keseimbangan politik, di mana Cirebon berperan dalam menentukan stabilitas kerajaan Islam di Jawa. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah dan analisis teori hubungan kekuasaan, penelitian ini memberikan wawasan mengenai dinamika kekuasaan dan interaksi politik antara kedua kerajaan yang berkontribusi terhadap perkembangan Islam di Nusantara. Abstract This article examines the strategic relationship and unification of power between the Sultanates of Cirebon and Demak in the 15th-16th centuries across various aspects, including political alliances through marriages, scholarly transmission (sanad), Islamic da'wah, military, and succession. The problem is how the relationship between the Sultanates of Cirebon and Demak was formed to become a united power, and how the two could develop this relationship so as to influence the direction of the further development of Islam in Java. The study employs historical methods, incorporating heuristic analysis, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The findings indicate that the relationship between the two sultanates was not solely based on political considerations but also encompassed religious and military dimensions that influenced the spread of Islam in the archipelago. Their alliance was marked by integration efforts through inter-dynastic marriages, the influence of ulama in governance, and joint strategies against external threats such as Majapahit, Pajajaran, and the Portuguese. Additionally, internal conflicts within the Demak Sultanate impacted the region’s political equilibrium, with Cirebon playing a crucial role in maintaining the stability of Islamic rule in Java. By employing a historical approach and analyzing power relations, this study provides valuable insights into the political dynamics and interactions between these two kingdoms, highlighting their contributions to the development of Islam in the archipelago.
Peran Nahdlatul Ulama Sebagai Aktor Civil Society dalam Merespons Perubahan Iklim
Abstrak Isu perubahan iklim menjadi salah satu tantangan global yang memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap kehidupan manusia, mulai dari bencana alam hingga perubahan pada pola kehidupan sosial dan ekonomi. Dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim, pendekatan berbasis ilmiah sering kali menjadi fokus utama, namun pendekatan berbasis keagamaan juga memiliki peran yang penting. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk menganalisis peran Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), salah satu organisasi masyarakat sipil berbasis Islam terbesar di Indonesia, dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumen terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa NU tidak hanya mengedepankan pendekatan berbasis teologi dalam memahamkan umatnya, tetapi juga berperan aktif dalam berbagai program konkret untuk mendukung upaya pelestarian lingkungan. NU memanfaatkan jaringan organisasinya yang luas untuk menyebarkan informasi tentang pentingnya menjaga lingkungan sebagai bagian dari kewajiban agama. Penelitian ini mendukung temuan Robert W. Hefner yang menyatakan bahwa civil Islam di Indonesia berperan penting dalam mendorong demokratisasi dan memperkuat peran masyarakat sipil dalam menghadapi berbagai isu kontemporer, dalam hal ini adalah isu lingkungan dan perubahan iklim. Kontribusi NU dalam isu ini juga sejalan dengan penelitian Jens Koershen yang menyoroti bagaimana organisasi masyarakat dapat menjadi perpanjangan tangan pemerintah dalam membantu masyarakat beradaptasi dengan perubahan iklim. Abstract The issue of climate change is one of the global challenges that significantly impact human life, ranging from natural disasters to changes in social and economic life patterns. In climate change, scientific-based approaches are often the main focus, but religious-based approaches also have an important role. This study uses a qualitative method to analyze the role of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), one of Indonesia's largest Islamic-based civil society organizations, in dealing with climate change. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and study of relevant documents. The results show that NU not only puts forward a theology-based approach to understanding its people but also plays an active role in various concrete programs to support environmental conservation efforts. NU utilizes its extensive organizational network to spread information about the importance of protecting the environment as part of religious obligations. This research supports Robert W. Hefner's findings that civil Islam in Indonesia plays an important role in promoting democratization and strengthening the role of civil society in dealing with various contemporary issues, in this case, environmental issues and climate change. NU's contribution to this issue also aligns with Jens Koershen's research, which highlights how community organizations can be an extension of the government in helping communities adapt to climate change.
Coexistence in Islamic Sharia: A Study of Social Interaction Majority and Minority in Aceh
This study examines the social interaction between the majority of Muslims and non-Muslim minorities in Aceh in the context of the implementation of Islamic Sharia. Using qualitative methods and case study approaches, this study explores how both groups build social harmony through cultural adaptation, participation in social activities, and inclusive attitudes of the majority. The results showed that non-Muslim minorities actively studied local culture and followed the customs of the majority community to facilitate interaction and avoid conflict. Meanwhile, the majority of Muslims show a moderate attitude by giving space for minorities to practice their beliefs without coercion. This mutual respect reflects religious tolerance and moderation, which is the basis of Aceh's social harmony. These findings show that diversity can be managed well through dialogue, mutual respect, and inclusive policies. This study contributes to understanding the majority-minority relationship in societies that apply Islamic law and how to create social cohesion amid differences.
Social Interaction in the Multicultural Society of Bandung City: An Inspiration for Interfaith Harmony
Bandung is a highly diverse city, and Kampung Toleransi in Balonggede Village, Regol District, reflects this diversity. The village was built upon the pluralistic nature of its community, consisting of individuals from various religious backgrounds, as evidenced by three places of worship nearby. In general, communities with diverse backgrounds are often perceived as challenging to interact with harmoniously. However, Kampung Toleransi demonstrates a different pattern of social interaction. This study aims to analyze religious tolerance within social interactions to maintain harmony in Kampung Toleransi. The sociological approach to religion is employed, utilizing Mukti Ali's theories on tolerance and harmony along with George Simmel's theory of social interaction. This qualitative research gathers data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that the values of tolerance in social interactions within Kampung Toleransi are manifested through government policies, the roles of religious leaders, and the application of ideal principles. The forms of interaction include subordination under a single leader, multiple leaders, ideal principles, and individual freedom, all of which reflect the values of religious tolerance. In conclusion, the harmonious interactions in Kampung Toleransi serve as a model for fostering tolerance in social interactions based on community diversity. This model is highly relevant for application in other cities and regions, particularly in West Java and throughout Indonesia.
From the Spotlight to the Shadows: Ex-HTI's Digital Da’wah Rebuilding Authority through Social Media
The dissolution of HTI by the Indonesian government in 2017 has given birth to a new form of religious authority facilitated by da’wah through social media. This group utilizes various digital platforms such as Instagram, Youtube, Facebook, and websites to continue spreading the Caliphate ideology. This research analyzes how the Ex-HTI group conducts its da’wah, as represented by the Muslimah News and Back to Muslim Identity accounts across different social media platforms. Researchers used a qualitative content analysis using Wilson’s framework to examine the da’wah strategies on the BMI, Muslimah News, and Felix Siauw accounts. The findings show that the Ex-HTI group has transformed into a different way of da'wah to continue propagating the ideology of the Caliphate. The transformation is not limited to the way of da'wah from offline to online. However, the da'wah of the HTI group before it was dissolved, which was carried out openly (spotlight), has now been transformed into a more covert form (shadows). In addition, the use of social media in this new da'wah model has also created a new kind of religious authority for the Ex-HTI group through the figure of Felix Siauw, an Ustadz who is widely accepted by the public.
Parsubang as a Symbol of Religious Diversity Appreciation in Batak Culture
Parsubang is a Batak tradition that originally emerged as a form of respect for individuals who did not consume pork, and has since evolved into a broader cultural practice symbolizing respect for religious and belief-based differences. This study examines the role of parsubang in fostering social harmony within the Batak community, focusing on how this traditional practice bridges religious divides between Muslims and Christians. The research employs a qualitative approach, gathering data through semi-structured interviews with community leaders, religious figures, and members of the Batak community in both rural and urban areas. Data analysis is conducted using thematic analysis, identifying key themes related to the values of tolerance, mutual respect, and social solidarity within parsubang. The findings show that while the form of parsubang has evolved in urban areas, its core values continue to play a significant role in maintaining social cohesion. Despite modern challenges, the practice remains a crucial element of Batak identity and interfaith harmony. The study concludes that preserving the essence of parsubang while adapting it to contemporary contexts can help maintain religious harmony and strengthen community bonds.
Pope Francis’ Ecumenism: The Effort to Build an Integral Ecumenism
Pope Francis conceptualizes and instills an integral ecumenism that integrates spiritual, social, martyrdom, and reconciliation dimensions. Previous studies discussing ecumenism have only addressed ecumenism at the spiritual level. This analysis uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach and interviews with several informants consisting of Catholic and Christian (Protestant) religious leaders, as well as Catholic and Christian (Protestant) community leaders. The four aspects of ecumenism are the foundation of the “bridge” that Pope Francis is building. He wants to realize his ministry to build not walls but bridges, to fight evil with good, resistance with forgiveness, to live in peace with everyone. This study concludes that the four-dimensional integral model of ecumenism provides a comprehensive and practical framework for ecumenical engagement that moves beyond mere doctrinal dialogue and directly addresses the pressing needs of the contemporary world.
Bridging Divides: Christian Education, Non-Foundationalistic, and the Future of Identity in Indonesia
This paper seeks to identify potential shifts in identity politics, which appear to be evolving in unpredictable ways. This paper observed that, regardless of the underlying dynamics and political shifts, the logical consequences of political turmoil on education, particularly Christian Religious Education, have resulted in the creation of an alienated space at a certain level. Adequate access and care for children with diverse needs, the restructuring of the curriculum, and the 2024 political promise for the education sector are among the key challenges. In light of these observations, this paper examine each phenomenon individually in the role of Gianni Vattimo. This paper employs qualitative research methods, specifically interview techniques, with female subjects, with the aim of elucidating the phenomenon of identity segregation in the context of the livelihood space. The findings demonstrate that Gianni Vattimo's philosophical approach, known as 'weak thought' or 'pensiero debole', is not solely associated with religious hermeneutics. Instead, it also evinces a distinctive interpretation of identity politics, whereby the advancement of specific individual or collective interests exerts a considerable influence on the domain of Christian religious education. Consequently, the value of weak thinking is contingent upon the establishment of mutual respect and love across identities.
Negotiating Belief and Tradition: A Study of Saparan Ritual in the Multireligious Community of Selo
This research aims to understand mystical synthetics in Selo through a case study of the Saparan tradition. This tradition reflects the cultural expression and gratitude of the Javanese people, who try to achieve harmony with supernatural powers. The variety of religions that Selo residents embrace does not conflict with Javanese beliefs but melts into the Saparan tradition. This research uses an anthropological approach and Ricklefs' mystical systemic ideational principle. The method used is field research with primary sources from informants in Selo hamlet and secondary data from various references. The results of this study show that the Saparan tradition is divided into two sessions: preparation and celebration. The celebration session is further categorized into three types: communal, individual, and entertainment. The dialectic between religious and Javanese beliefs does not cause conflict but results in a merging. Javanese mythology remains firmly upheld by the Selo community because it is believed to play a direct role in their lives. The Saparan tradition is carried out as a form of gratitude, prayer to ancestral spirits, and an effort to maintain harmony with supernatural forces.
Moderate Islam vis-à-vis Salafism: Ideological Competition and Power Struggle in West Nusa Tenggara
Following the collapse of the New Order, the Reformation era encouraged the development of transnational Islamic movements, including the puritanical Salafi-Wahhabi ideology in Lombok, which opposed the Nahdlatul Wathan Islamic tradition, triggering ideological, social, and political tensions. This study analyses the contestation between the two groups through Quintan Wiktorowicz's Islamic Activism approach, focusing on mobilisation strategies, movement framing, and socio-political implications. Two main questions guide the analysis: (1) What mobilisation and framing strategies do Salafi-Wahhabi and NW groups use to build ideological influence in Lombok? (2) What are the implications of this ideological competition for the socio-political dynamics of Muslims in Lombok? This qualitative study uses a literature review and online interviews with religious and community leaders. Findings indicate that Salafi-Wahhabi gained significant support from Saudi Arabian institutions such as Rabithah al-‘Alam al-Islami and the Islamic Development Bank, which contributed to education, the construction of mosques and Islamic boarding schools, and the dissemination of religious literature. This competition reinforces social polarisation and fragmentation, particularly through digital media and the hijrah movement. This conflict disrupts social cohesion and religious practices, necessitating a dialogic approach to ease tensions and maintain harmony in Lombok.
Dynamic Analysis of Tolerant City Index: Applying Differential Equations to Address Intolerance in Indonesia
The key factors that shape the Tolerant City Index in Indonesia are explored, and seeks to develop a mathematical model to predict its future trends. The research raises concerns about a possible decline in tolerance levels, primarily due to discriminatory regulations and the lack of proactive efforts by local governments to promote inclusivity. Using a combination of quantitative data analysis and mathematical modelling. The object of the IKT study is 94 cities from a total of 98 cities Indonesia. This method provides an objective evaluation of tolerance trends while identifying the primary factors influencing them. The findings indicate that the index is projected to increase from 4.92 (2024) to 5.12 (2025), suggesting progress in city governments’ efforts to reduce discriminatory policies and implement initiatives that promote tolerance. This upward trend reflects the potential impact of proactive governance, community engagement, and institutional support for diversity. Policymakers are encouraged to continue strengthening inclusive and responsive policies that address the needs of diverse communities, thereby fostering a more tolerant and cohesive society. A comparative analysis with Turkey further illustrates that while Indonesia’s growing tolerance is largely shaped by government initiatives, Turkey’s challenges remain deeply rooted in cultural, educational, and religious interpretations.
Local Traditions, Global Lessons: Models of Religious Harmony from Cigugur Indonesia and El-Gamaliya Egypt
This research examines the dynamics, dogma, and dialogue of religious harmony through a comparative case study between Cigugur Village, Indonesia, as the center of Sunda Wiwitan belief, and El-Gamaliya, Cairo, Egypt, an old city area with Islamic and Christian communities. Using a qualitative approach based on a case study design, data was collected through in-depth interviews and participatory observation of religious leaders and local communities. The results show that in Cigugur, harmony developed from civil society initiatives through informal forums such as Bajigur, interfaith social practices, and the example of religious leaders without state intervention. In El-Gamaliya, harmony is supported by wasathiyah Islamic principles, daily social interactions and collective nationalism that create harmony between Muslims and Christians. Religious dogma in both regions is inclusive, accepting local traditions and diversity, with interfaith dialogue growing organically through shamanism rather than formal forums. This research confirms that religious harmony is effective through local values, grassroots dialogue and culture-based social integration, not just the state's normative approach. The findings are relevant to policies on religious moderation, multicultural education, and managing diversity in an increasingly complex global society.
Between Conflict and Kinship: Understanding the Social Identity of Bangsamoro Orphans in Maguindanao and North Cotabato Province
Abstract The persistent conflict in the Bangsamoro area, located in the southern Philippines, has markedly affected numerous individuals, particularly the offspring of deceased mujahideen fighters. This study delves into the configuration of social identity among orphans of Bangsamoro mujahideen, exploring their navigation of belonging within a community characterized by enduring conflict and radicalization. Rooted in historical grievances, socio-political marginalization, and the pursuit of self-determination, the Bangsamoro conflict has spawned radical groups that further complicate the societal dynamics within the region. Employing a qualitative methodology, this research integrates in-depth interviews, participant observations, and analysis of local narratives to comprehend the construction of social identities among these orphans. The study investigates the impacts of family, community, and radical ideologies on their identity formation and how they reconcile their orphanhood with the necessity for belonging in a fractured society. The findings expose the identity struggles faced by orphans of Bangsamoro mujahideen, as they navigate between victimhood and the glorification of their parents' legacies. Radicalization and the pervasive conflict environment significantly influence their perceptions of self and others, often leading to the embracement of ideologies that resonate with their experiences of loss and marginalization. The study concludes that the social identity of these orphans is a multifaceted interplay of personal experiences, community influences, and broader socio-political contexts. It underscores the critical need for targeted interventions to address the psychological and social needs of these children, thereby averting further radicalization and fostering a more inclusive sense of belonging in the Bangsamoro region.
Pengukuran Sikap dan Pemahaman Moderasi Beragama Penyuluh dan Guru
Abstrak Semua agama memiliki prinsip toleransi yang berlaku, baik untuk umat seagama maupun penganut agama lain. Kementerian Agama menetapkan tahun 2022 sebagai tahun toleransi dengan moderasi beragama sebagai indikatornya. Namun, sikap dan pemahaman moderasi beragama di kalangan penyuluh agama, guru agama, dan guru madrasah belum pernah dinilai secara sistematis. Artikel ini menggunakan metode survei untuk mengevaluasi sikap dan pemahaman moderasi beragama di kalangan penyuluh agama dan guru. Sebanyak 324 penyuluh agama dan 445 guru agama dan madrasah dipilih sebagai sampel melalui metode proporsional random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sikap moderasi beragama penyuluh agama dan guru berada pada kategori tinggi, dengan skor rata-rata 3,62 dan 3,52 (skala 4) masing-masing, sementara pemahaman mereka memiliki skor rata-rata 0,67 dan 0,65 (skala 0-1), yang juga tergolong tinggi dan sedang. Namun, aspek toleransi memperoleh skor terendah, baik pada sikap maupun pemahaman. Toleransi beragama, terutama dalam perspektif antaragama, masih kurang dipahami oleh sebagian besar responden, dengan hanya sedikit yang memahami konsep toleransi beragama secara menyeluruh. Perbandingan antara alumni dan nonalumni pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan moderasi beragama belum efektif. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan evaluasi terhadap sistem pelatihan PPMB, termasuk kurikulum, metode, dan implementasinya, belum optimal dalam meningkatkan kualitas penyuluh. Abstract All religions have a concept of tolerance that applies to both fellow religions and different religions. The Ministry of Religious Affairs proclaimed 2022 as the year of tolerance, which its indicator is religious moderation. The attitude and understanding of religious moderation of religious counselors, religious teachers, and madrasa teachers have not been measured systematically before. This article uses a survey method to measure attitudes and understanding of religious moderation among religious counselors and teachers. About 324 religious counselors and 445 religious studies and madrasa teachers were chosen as the sample using proportional random sampling. The findings show that religious moderation attitude of religious counselors and teachers are in the high category, with an average score of 3.62 and 3.52 (scale 4) respectively. Their understanding of religious moderation has an average score of 0.67 and 0.65 (scale 0-1), which are also classified in high and moderate level. However, the tolerance aspect scored the lowest on both attitude and understanding. Religious tolerance, especially in an interfaith perspective, is still not sufficiently understood by most respondents. Only a few of respondents understand the concept of religious tolerance thoroughly. By comparing the attitudes and understanding of training alumni and nonalumni, implementing religious moderation training has not provided effective results. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the PPMB training system, including its curriculum, method, and implementation because it hasn’t been improving the religious counselors quality optimally.
Strategi Transformasi Sosial Ma’had Tahfizhul Qur’an (MTQ) Isy Karima Karanganyar dalam (Re)Islamisasi Kaum Abangan Menjadi Islam Santri
Abstrak Problem transformasi sosial melalui (Re)Islamisasi kaum Abangan menjadi Islam Santri yang menimbulkan konflik horizontal antar warga, maupun konflik vertikal dengan pemerintah yang anti radikalisme, perlu dicarikan solusinya. Artikel ini menelaah strategi transformasi sosial yang diterapkan Ma’had Tahfizhul Qur’an (MTQ) Isy Karima Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah, dalam (Re)Islamisasi kaum abangan menjadi Islam santri tanpa resistensi masyarakat dan pemerintah. Artikel menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis studi kasus selama empat bulan, yaitu Mei-Agustus 2023. Data yang diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, lalu dianalisis dengan model interaktif. Temuan artikel sesuai skema AGIL (Adaptation, Goal Attainment, Integration, Latency) Talcott Parsons yang menjadi kerangka teoretis. Pertama, strategi transformasi sosial pada tahap Adaptasi adalah metode silaturrahim kepada tokoh masyarakat, metode partisipatif-resiprokal dan metode empati sosial-ekonomi, yang berimplikasi pada penerimaan masyarakat terhadap MTQ Isy Karima. Kedua, strategi transformasi sosial pada tahap Tujuan diarahkan pada realisasi MTQ Isy Karima sebagai pusat kajian Al-Qur’an dan syiar nilai-nilai Al-Qur’an kepada masyarakat yang kental dengan karakteristik abangan. Ketiga, strategi transformasi sosial pada tahap Integrasi melalui program ta’lim inbound dan outbound, ICID (Islamic Center I’dadud Du’at), dan dakwah variatif via Radio Isy Karima. Keempat, strategi transformasi sosial pada tahap Latensi adalah pernikahan santri dengan warga, pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat, dan pelestarian budaya positif. Abstract The issue of social transformation through the (re)Islamization of the Abangan into Santri Islam, which gives rise to horizontal and vertical disputes, requires a solution. This article examines the social transformation strategy applied by Ma'had Tahfizhul Qur'an (MTQ) Isy Karima Karanganyar, Central Java, in (re)Islamizing Abangan (nominal Muslim) into Santri (devout Muslim). The article employs a qualitative approach and case study methodology for four months, spanning from May to August 2023. The data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation were then analyzed using an interactive model. The article’s findings align with the AGIL scheme (Adaptation, Goal Attainment, Integration, Latency) by Talcott Parsons, which serves as the theoretical framework. Firstly, the social transformation strategy at the Adaptation stage is the silaturrahim (maintain the relationship), the participatory-reciprocal, and the socio-economic empathy method. Secondly, the social transformation strategy at the Goal Attainment stage is focused on establishing MTQ Isy Karima as a center for Qur'anic studies and disseminating Qur'anic values to a society that is predominantly Abangan in character. Thirdly, the social transformation strategy at the Integration stage is achieved through inbound and outbound Ta'lim (Islamic teaching) programs, ICID (Islamic Center I'dadud Du'at), and a variety of da'wah via Radio Isy Karima. Fourth, the social transformation strategy at the Latency stage is the marriage of senior santri with residents the residents, the economic empowerment of the community, and the preservation of positive cultural practices.
Inclusiveness in Religion: UIN Sunan Kalijaga's Religious Laboratory for Local Wisdom and Harmony
The inclusivity approach in religious studies emphasizes the importance of openness to the diversity of religious views and practices, which is considered capable of enriching interfaith dialogue. This paper seeks to see the face of UIN Sunan Kalijaga's Religious Laboratory as an important element and icon of equality and diversity in the frame of inclusiveness. This research uses a qualitative methodological approach with literature analysis and empirical observation to understand how this laboratory integrates inclusive values into religious education. The results show that the Inclusive Religion Laboratory has succeeded in creating an academic space that supports pluralism, interreligious dialog, and tolerance. This laboratory not only acts as a research center but also as a model for applying local wisdom in an academic context that respects diversity. In addition, the UIN Sunan Kalijaga Campus Mosque is also a symbol of openness and respect for diversity, which supports inclusivity efforts in the campus community. In conclusion, UIN Sunan Kalijaga's Inclusive Religion Laboratory is a concrete example of how local wisdom and religious values can be integrated into religious education to promote inclusivity, tolerance, and interfaith dialogue. This article suggests that other religious institutions adopt similar approaches to strengthen efforts to create harmony in a multicultural society. The implementation of inclusive values in religious education is expected to be the foundation for the creation of peace and tolerance among religious communities.
Islamic Guidelines for Promoting Religious Tolerance and Countering Intolerance
Abstract This article focuses on two issues. The first issue is the stagnation of the national tolerance score, indicating that intolerant activities continue to affect the nation. Second, the concept of tolerance is ambiguous, making it difficult to implement religious moderation. The discordance of tolerance between theory and practice is shown by these two issues. The research method in this paper utilizes a literature-based study with a conceptual approach and descriptive analysis. The conceptual approach involves examining and defining key ideas and theoretical frameworks relevant to tolerance and religious moderation, clarifying abstract concepts and underlying principles. Descriptive analysis systematically describes and interprets existing data from previous studies and literature on the topic. This research provides a framework for fostering religious tolerance based on Islamic principles, offering practical solutions to address intolerance. The framework emphasizes replacing verbal and physical harassment with supportive and cooperative actions. It also outlines strategies for turning destructive behaviors, such as the demolition of places of worship, into constructive efforts like aiding in their restoration and rebuilding. This framework aims to foster religious moderation and harmony through actionable, normative measures.
Dialectics of Religion, Culture, and Local Beliefs: The Practice of Religious Moderation in the Sabu Tribal Community of East Nusa Tenggara
Abstract Religious moderation is a national program that has been ongoing since Lukman Hakim Syaifudin initiated it. This program is being carried out throughout Indonesia, including on Sabu Island. This island is the outermost island located in East Nusa Tenggara. This study aims to explore the practice of religious moderation among the Sabu tribe. The data for this study was collected through interviews, observations, and a literature review. Research results show that religious moderation among the Sabu tribe has been practised for a very long time. The Sabu community previously mainly consisted of followers of ancestral religions. Then, after the arrival of the Dutch colonisers, there was a conversion of religion. They converted to Christianity, Catholicism, Islam, and Hindu-Buddhism. Although they have changed their religion, their religious rituals are still deeply intertwined with local spirituality (Jingitiu). Similarly, although the followers of Islam are a minority on Sabu Island, practices of harmonious living are evident in daily life. For example, the construction of the An-Nur mosque, the only place of worship for Muslims on the island, received significant support from the Sabu ethnic community during its early development. Similarly, during the Eid al-Adha celebration, the slaughtering of sacrificial animals and the distribution of the meat were also assisted by the non-Muslim community.
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Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Toleransi Dalam Tradisi Kirab Budaya Masyarakat Tlogo Wiro Bansari Temanggung
Abstrak Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana tradisi kirab budaya dalam mencerminkan nilai-nilai pendidikan toleransi yang diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat tlogo wiro dan bagaimana tradisi kirab budaya dapat berfungsi sebagai alat dalam membangun toleransi dan kerukunan antarumat beragama. Kemudian penerapan tradisi kirab budaya mempengaruhi kehidupan sosial, budaya, dan agama masyarakat tlogo wiro. Analisis mengunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menggali nilai-nilai pendidikan toleransi yang terdapat dalam tradisi kirab budaya dan dampaknya terhadap dinamika sosial masyarakat melalui observasi partisipatif dan wawancara mendalam yang dilakukan pada bulan Maret-Juni 2023 dengan lima narasumber yang memiliki latar belakang sosial dan profesi yang beragam di tlogo wiro. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tradisi kirab budaya bertujuan sebagai sarana pendidikan untuk mengenalkan budaya lokal dan mempromosikan toleransi masyarakat Tlogo Wiro. Tradisi ini berperan penting dalam membangun integrasi sosial, menyatukan elemen masyarakat, dan memperkuat solidaritas sosial, khususnya dalam mengedukasi toleransi dalam interaksi sosial. Nilai-nilai yang ditanamkan melalui pendidikan ini meliputi sikap saling menghargai, menghormati, dan memahami perbedaan individu. Kirab Budaya berfungsi sebagai wadah penyatuan berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat, meliputi tradisi, keyakinan agama, serta seni dan budaya lokal. Selain itu, kirab ini juga mengajarkan kebanggaan terhadap warisan budaya dan mendorong rasa hormat serta pemahaman terhadap keragaman di masyarakat. Abstract This study discusses how the tradition of Kirab Budaya reflects the values of tolerance education applied in the daily life of the Tlogo Wiro community and how this tradition functions as a tool in building tolerance and harmony among religious groups. The implementation of the Kirab Budaya tradition also affects the social, cultural, and religious life of the Tlogo Wiro community. The analysis uses a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. This research was conducted to explore the values of tolerance education found in the Kirab Budaya tradition and its impact on the social dynamics of the community through participatory observation and in-depth interviews conducted from March to June 2023 with five informants from diverse social and professional backgrounds in Tlogo Wiro. The analysis results show that the Kirab Budaya tradition aims to serve as an educational tool to introduce local culture and promote tolerance within the Tlogo Wiro community. This tradition plays an important role in building social integration, uniting community elements, and strengthening social solidarity, particularly in educating tolerance in social interactions. The values instilled through this education include mutual respect, honoring, and understanding individual differences. Kirab Budaya functions as a platform that unites various aspects of community life, including tradition, religious beliefs, and local arts and culture. Additionally, this tradition also fosters pride in cultural heritage and encourages respect and understanding of diversity in the community.